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variation at the molecular level



Introduction:

Evolution is all about how living things change over time. But have you ever wondered how these changes happen at the tiny, molecular level? Let's explore the simple mechanism of evolution

Building Blocks: DNA and Genes At the heart of evolution are tiny building blocks called DNA and genes. They are like instruction books that tell living things how to grow, function, and look. Each living thing has its unique set of instructions encoded in its DNA.


Random Changes: Mutations Happen Sometimes, DNA can get tiny errors or changes, like typos in a book. These changes are called mutations. Mutations can be good, bad, or just neutral. They create differences in the instructions, leading to variations among living things.


Survival Game: Who Makes It? Living things have to survive and reproduce to pass on their instructions to the next generation. But not all can make it. Those with helpful mutations or characteristics that suit their environment have a better chance of surviving.


Passing on Traits: Like Handing Down a Gift When living things have babies, they pass on their DNA, just like handing down a gift. The babies inherit some traits from their parents, including any helpful mutations. Over time, these helpful traits become more common in the population.


Adaptation: Fitting In with the World The helpful traits that become more common are called adaptations. It's like fitting into the world better. For example, animals with better camouflage can hide from predators, and plants with drought-resistant traits can survive in dry areas.


Shaping New Species: Diverse Families As generations pass, the combination of mutations, adaptations, and natural selection can lead to big changes. Sometimes, groups of living things become so different that they form new species. It's like a big family tree with many diverse branches.

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