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Electromagnetic communication spectrum


The electromagnetic communication spectrum refers to the range of frequencies that are used for various forms of communication, including radio, television, mobile communication, satellite communication, Wi-Fi, and more. The spectrum is divided into different frequency bands, each with its own characteristics and applications. Here are the main segments of the electromagnetic communication spectrum:

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum: This portion of the spectrum is used for various wireless communication services, including AM/FM radio broadcasting, amateur radio, citizen band (CB) radio, aviation communication, and walkie-talkies. The RF spectrum typically ranges from a few kilohertz (kHz) up to several gigahertz (GHz).


Microwave Spectrum: The microwave spectrum covers higher frequencies ranging from several gigahertz (GHz) up to hundreds of gigahertz. It is used for applications such as point-to-point communication, satellite communication, radar systems, and wireless backhaul for cellular networks.


Infrared Spectrum: The infrared spectrum includes frequencies between microwaves and visible light. Infrared communication is commonly used for short-range wireless data transfer, remote control systems, and infrared data transmission between devices like TVs and remote controls.


Visible Light Spectrum: This portion of the spectrum is the range of frequencies that humans can perceive as visible light. Visible light communication (VLC) utilizes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit data wirelessly. Applications include Li-Fi (light fidelity) technology for high-speed data transfer in indoor environments.


Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrum: The UV spectrum lies beyond the visible light range and is used for various applications such as sterilization, fluorescent lighting, and communication in certain scientific and industrial contexts.


X-ray and Gamma-ray Spectrum: These are the highest-frequency segments of the electromagnetic spectrum. X-rays are used in medical imaging, security scanners, and industrial inspection. Gamma rays are utilized in scientific research, nuclear industry applications, and medical therapy.

Frequency RangeWavelength RangeApplications
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)3 Hz - 30 HzSubmarine communication, geological research
Very Low Frequency (VLF)3 kHz - 30 kHzNavigation, time signals, earthquake studies
Low Frequency (LF)30 kHz - 300 kHzAM radio broadcasting, maritime communication
Medium Frequency (MF)300 kHz - 3 MHzAM radio broadcasting, aviation communication
High Frequency (HF)3 MHz - 30 MHzShortwave broadcasting, amateur radio
Very High Frequency (VHF)30 MHz - 300 MHzFM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, air traffic control
Ultra High Frequency (UHF)300 MHz - 3 GHzTelevision broadcasting, mobile communication, Wi-Fi
Super High Frequency (SHF)3 GHz - 30 GHzSatellite communication, radar systems, microwave ovens
Extremely High Frequency (EHF)30 GHz - 300 GHzSatellite communication, radio astronomy
Terahertz (THz)300 GHz - 3 THzTerahertz imaging, spectroscopy
Infrared300 GHz - 430 THzRemote controls, IR communication, thermal imaging
Visible Light430 THz - 750 THzHuman vision, VLC (Visible Light Communication)
Ultraviolet (UV)750 THz - 30 PHzSterilization, fluorescence, UV communication
X-ray30 PHz - 30 EHzMedical imaging, security scanning
Gamma-ray30 EHz and aboveNuclear research, cancer treatment

The allocation and regulation of the electromagnetic communication spectrum vary across countries and are managed by national regulatory authorities. These authorities assign specific frequency bands to different communication services and ensure efficient utilization of the spectrum while minimizing interference between different systems.

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